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A BRIEF H ISTORY 

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OF THE PRODUCTION OF 



Valentine's Meat Juice, 



/ 



TOGETHER WITH 



1.3TIMONIALS 



OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 



f.- 
.^^ 



i' 



I 




Richmond, Va. : 

mann s. valentine, 

1874. 



4 



/ 



/// 







The Contents 
OF THIS Circular are 

RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED TO THE CONSIDERATION 
OF THE • 

Medical Profession 



CONTENTS. 



Brief account of the production of the Meat Juice, 5 

Recommendations of the Medical Profession, - .8 

Mode of Administration, ----- g 

Testimonials of Medical Profession, - - - a I 

Testimonials of Superintendents Insane Asylums, 33 

References, --_-._- ^g 

Extract from Clinical Record, - - . _ .48 
Extract from transactions Richmond Academy of 

Medicme, _----_. ^.8 

Report of the Committee on the Exhibition of Spe- 
cimens, at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of 
the American Pharmaceutical Association, held 

at Richmond, Va., September, 1873, - - 50 

Special, - - - - - - - - 51 

Agent's Circular, - - - - - - 31 

Reports of the Medical Officers of the U. S. Army, 53 

List of Druggists, - - : - - - 63 



A BRIEF ACCOU NT 

OF THK 

Production or the /VLeat Juice. 



In the autumn of 1870, and during the extreme illness 
of a member of my family, occasioned by a severe and 
protracted derangement of the organs of digestion, I be- 
came deeply and anxiously impressed v/ith the importance 
and necessity of procuring some form of nourishment for 
the sick, on which more reliance could be placed in sus- 
taining the pov/crs of life, and promoting a return to the 
ordinary food of health, than any of the then known 
characters of diet. This undeveloped nutrient should be 
acceptable to the most irritable stomach; it should l)c safe 
in the administraiion; ready of assimilation and perma- 
nent in the support of the vital powers — co-operative witli 
the remedial agents of the medical man. 

To conceive a nutritive principle so eminently desirable, 
engaged my most earnest thoughts, pending the emergen- 
cy in my own family, for suitable — even possible, susten-. 
ance. \Vith a definite purpose of mind, and vvdth a stu- 
dious and loving care, I searched among the multitude of 
foods, old and new, natural and artificial, to discover and 
develop a principle in the best combination of the kind- 
liest elements of nutrition. Meanwhile, I directed my at- 
tention to a series of experiments, by which to determine 

S 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 



practically, the principle with which my mind was imbued. 
My experiments were, for a length of time, unpromising 
in fullness of result, but being prosecuted with confidence 
and ever increasing interest, they had a final success. 
The first application of the Meat Juice was made in my 
own family, and, under the observation of my physicians, 
were realized the happy results anticipated from my labors. 

Aware of the value of raio meat, where the stomach 
and intestines were equal to its digestion, I recognized its 
utility as an article of diet; but I discarded the idea that 
organs but feebly performing their functions, could elabo- 
rate it as nutriment, and with sufficient diligence elimi- 
nate the rich treasure stored and locked up in the body of 
tWe flesh. I knew, also, that there were serious obstacles 
in the way of obtaining the juice and its important con- 
stituents from raw flesh, and was moreover persuaded, that 
there would be grave objections to its application, if ob- 
tained. Then, again, in all the usual methods of prepar- 
ing food, (my experiments, at this time, were directed ex- 
clusively to meat,) whether by boiling or roasting, making 
beef teas and other extracts, the chemical constituents of 
soluble flesh or juice were altered — especially the albu- 
men, so necessary an element of nutrition, was coagulated 
and impaired in value, either in the body of the meat, or 
in the juice that flowed from it. 

My experiments, therefore, pointed to extracting the sol- 
uble constituents of flesh — first by mechanically tearing 
asunder the broad muscular fibre ; secondly, by the appli- 
cation of heat, at a low temperature, rupturing the ulti- 



VALE.VTIJVE'S MEAT JUICE. 



mate fibres; and thirdly, by the adoption of judicious 
pressure, liberating from the entire body of the iiieat all 
the constituents contained in it. 

The variable results from numerous experiments indi- 
cated that a certain expertness would be necessary in the 
production of the Meat Juice; this attained, there would 
be afforded a nutriment the closest approximation possible 
to the elements of the circulating fluid itself. I believed 
that this principle of nutrition would readily commend it- 
self to the organs of digestion, and that we might antici- 
pate from the feeblest powers a response to our effort to 
re-establish them with natural and original material. 

I am gratified to know, that the principle involved in 
the production of the Meat Juice has been recognized 
by some of the ablest medical and scientific men of the 
country; that my labors in producing and perfecting this 
first article by my process have been appreciated, and the 
Meat Juice is doing good service to humanity. 

I desire to express my thanks to the Medical Profession 
for their kind co-operation in testing the Meat Juice, and 
after careful trial, determining the best applications, and 
making known the greatest usefulness of my production. 

I acknowledge my indebtedness for personal kindness 
and advice, and for a valued correspondence from scien- 
tific gentlemen in various parts of the country, whose time 
is allotted to most important and pressing professional 
duties. 

MANN S. VALENTINE. 

Richmond, Virginia. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



The Medical Profession recommend that the 
following Statements be made : 

The two ounce, oval bottle, adopted for the Meat Juice, 
contains the juice of four ]iounds of the best beef, exclu- 
sive of fat. Nine-tenths of the liquid holding the elements 
of nutrition in solution is evaporated off. 

The iileat Juice has been subjected to tlie heat, cold, 
dampness and the fluctuations of different climates, with- 
out change in its character. 

The flavor of the Meat Juice is the natural one. The 
taste of the simple, original elements of soluble flesh may 
be rendered mere acceptable, perhaps, by seasoning; Init, 
as in the general use of the Meat juice by the Medical 
Profession, there are particular applications where the in- 
troduction of condiments might be objectionable, these 
have been v/holly abstained from; leaving to the medical 
adviser all directions in this respect required by tlie sick. 

The character of the Meat Juice is altered by the ad- 
mixture of acids or alcoholic liquors. 

The Meat Juice taken frequently and in small quan- 
tities, has been recommended, in preference to large 
draughts administered at longer periods of time. When 
taken an hour or so in advance of a meal, it has been 
found to promote the digestion of the meal. 

The eftect of the Meat Juice in relieving nausea has 
been very marked. In its administration {ox sea-sickness, 
if the stomach be full, allow it to. empty itself before using. 

In the administration of the Meat Juice by enema, the 
directions are the same as when taken by the stomach, 
except that the quantity should be larger. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



The Methods of preparing and incorporating the 

Meat Juice, which have been acceptable, 
. and with the advice of a Physi- 

cian, beneficial. 

Instead of water, ice may be used with the Meat Juice. 
In cases of extreme nausea the dissolved Meat Juice 
may be frozen. IVitJi care, the Meat Juice may be 
warmed on a water-hath, to the temperature of 130°; but 
this requires attention and judgment, or the albumen will 
be coagulated. The use of hot water changes the charac- 
ter of the preparation. 

When taken in coinbination with Col Liver Oil, if ice 
be substituted for v/ater to the Meat Juice, the taste of the 
Oil will not be so perceptible. 

The ^Sleat Juice may be administered with Arrow-root 
or Corn Starch, by preparing the mucilage in the usual 
way, and then stirring the Meat Juice into it, after it has 
cooled down to 130°. 

A very pleasant and inviting Jelly may be made for the 
sick with the Meat Juice, by dissolving gelatine in water, 
and adding the Meat Juice. It can be seasoned or not, 
as may be advised by the physician. 

Chicken broth will be improved by the addition of Meat 
Juice. 

When the condition of the sick justifies a change from^ 
the Meat Juice to the use of other diet, stale bread crum- 
bled in the praparation renders it savory, while it consti- 
tutes a safe advance toward solid food. 



lo VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



MODE OF ADMINISTRATION. 

The minimum dose in extreme cases should be a half- 
teaspoonful, diluted with a tablespoonful of water, cold or 
tepid — increased to two teaspoonsful, diluted in propor- 
tion. A further dilution has been advised of half-teaspoon- 
ful to one, and a half, or even tn'o tablespoonsful of 
water, for infants. 



VALENTIKKS MEAT JUICE. 



TESTIMONIALS OF THE MEDICAL 
PROFESSION. 



Richmond; May 2d, 187 1, 
To ]\Iann S. Valentine, Esq. 

Having used the '-Meat Juice', (wnicii represents all 
the soluble .elements of beef in the most assimilable form,) 
in many obstinate antl almost hopeless cases of disease, I 
can confidently recommend it to the favorable consider- 
ation of the medical profession. 

I have found that this preparation quickly stimulates 
the stomach when enfeebled Irom almost any cause, not 
only in Dyspepsia and Chronic Gastritis, but in Sea-sick- 
ness, the sickness of pregn aicy, and such kindred condi- 
tions. Used by enema, it is r.ipidly absorbed, and ex- 
hibits its nutrient qualities in a remarkable degree. I am 
more and more pursuaded thit we have gained by it a 
valuable dietetic. 

T. B. McCAW, M. D. 

Prof. Practice of Medicine, Medical College of Va. 



May 15th, 1 87 1. 
Mr. Mann S. Va/entine, Richmond, Va. 

My Dear Sir: — Having witnessed seveial instances 
where your " Preparation of Meat Juice," served promptly 



12 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE, 



to quiet a most irritable stomach, and steadily to nourish 
and strengthen a most enfeebled body, after approved food 
of every variety had failed to do it, I earnestly v/ish that 
its benefits be diffused as far as possible. 

In this spirit, I ?^Ya glad to attest publicly to the very 
highest estimation of it. 

Most Truly Yours, 

F. MARX, M. D. 



Richmond, Va., May i6th, 1871. 

My Dear Sir: — I am glad to hear that you have made 
arrangements to furnish your [^reparation of Beef to the 
public. 

I consider the jn-eparation of inestimable value in many 
cases of disordered Digestion, Chronic Diarrhoea, Cholera 
Infantum, &c,, and confidently recommend it to patients 
suffering under such troubles, as the most nutritious and 
easily assimilated form of Beef that I have seen used. 
Very Respectfully, 

HUNTER MAGUIRE, M. D. 
Prof. Surgery, Virginia Medical College. 
To Mann S. Valentine, Esq. 



296 5th Avenue, New York, Jan. 1 6th, 1 872. 

I have used " Valentine's Meat Juice" very freely during 
the past three months, and I am better pleased with it than 
any other preparation of the kind which I have employed. 



VALEXTIXE ' S ME A T JUICE. 13 



It is digestible, extremely nutritious, and contains a large 
amount of nutrient material, in small bulk. 

T. GAILLARD THOMAS, M. D. 

Maiin S. Valentine, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — I am using your " Meat Juice" in my prac- 
tice, and I am happy to say with great satisfaction. It is 
clearly a veiy valuable addition to our medical dietaiy. 

Let me suggest a direction for its use beyond the sick 
chamber. In the hurry of business, mercantile and pro- 
fessional especially, many young m^en are debarred from 
taking their meals at regular hours, and to remove a sense 
of hunger or exhaustion, they are led to the use, or abuse, 
of alcoholic stimulation. Now, the " Meat Juice " drachm 
for dram, is incomparably more nutritious than whiskey, 
without any of the pernicious effects of the latter; and if 
it were kept for use in offices and counting-rooms, it would 
supply a real want to the system, and in a safe and whole- 
some manner, acting, according to the old saying, " tuto, 
cito, ac jucundi." 

With a cordial recommendation of the " Meat Juice," 
which you have so successfully prepared, I remain, 
Yours Respectfully, 

RICHARD McSHERRY, 
Prof. Prac. of Medicine, University of ^Maryland. 

Baltimore, January 21st, 1872. 

Medical Dep't Mutual Life Insurance Co., 

New York, Jan. 22d, 1872. 
Ihave used "Valentine's Preparation of Meat Juice" 



J 4 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



during the past three months, in many cases of delicate 
digestion and extreme nausea, and have always found it 
easily assimilated, and readily retained. I regard it as 
far superior to any preparation yet introduced. 

G. S. WINSTON, M. D. 



Virginia Military Institute, Feb. 15th, 1872. 
Matin S. Valentine, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — I have not yet had an extended opportu- 
nity of testing the efficacy of your " Preparation of Meat 
Juice," but even a limited experience with it convinces 
me of its great value, as a prompt and potent remedy in 
cases of sudden prestation from hemorrhage, in the ex- 
haustion and debility of protracted disease, in atonic Dys- 
pepsia and generally wherever the introduction of food is 
impe?'ative, hui the stomach unable to digest anything else. 
As an efficient remedy under these circumstances, it is 
probably second only to transfusion, without any of the 
dangers of the latter expedient. 

Respectfully, 

R. L. MADISON, 
Surgeon and Prof. Physiology, V. M. I. 



Washington City, D. C, 1330 N. Y. Ave. 

February 18, 1872. 

It affords me pleasure to contribute my testimony in 

favor of Mr. Valentine's " Preparation of Meat Juice." I 

have used it in a number of cases, and found it to answer 

(as a mild nutrient and stimulant,) better than most I 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. ij 



have used. I have recommended it in cases where the 
stomach could retain no nourishment, neither raw beef, 
eggs, or even cold water, I think it is peculiarly valuable 
in cases of young and delicate children, where milk in 
any fonn disagrees. But the greatest benefit I have de- 
rived from it has been with those, who, from long dissi- 
pation and the use of alcoholic liquors, were unable to 
retain any nourishment or stimulant. This class of patients 
take and retain the " Meat Juice " well, particularly if cay- 
enne is added to it. One of my patients, who could retain 
no kind of food, took it with so much benefit, that he 
called it "The Great Virginia Medicine," and says it is 
the greatest known. 

I am satisfied that it possesses some advantages over the 
best preparations known as Extracts of Beef, for the rea- 
sons: It is more agreeable, may be taken in cold water, 
and it contains the albumen &c., of the meat, which are 
destroyed by the methods pursued by others in preparing 
their Extracts. I have found it, to supersede the use of 
alcoholic drinks, in some cases. Persons who have been 
in the habit, from necessity, of taking niorning drams, 
now substitue Mr. Valentine's "Meat Juice." 

THO. MILLER, M. D. 

2729 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 20, 1872. 
I recommend the use of " Valentine's Meat Juice'" in all 
cases where much nourishment is required, and only a 
small quantity in bulk can be digested — as in Typhoid 
Fever, Diarrhoea, certain forms of Dyspesia, &c. It is 
far superior to anything of the kind I have ever used. 

M. M. FALLEN, M. D. 



i6 VALENTINE S MEAT JUICE. 



Washington, D. C, Feb. 26th, 1872. 
Mr. M. S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I liave used your prepared "Meat Juice" in 
"The Children's Hospital/' District of Columbia, and 
consider it the best adjuvant I have been able to obtain 
for a nourishing diet. 

I find the "Meat Juice" especially advantageous in cases 
after severe oj-.crationa, where loss of blood and shock 
combine to deprei.-; the vital pov/ers and functions. 

Hoping that your preparation may continue to be made 
as purely as the article nov/ in market, 1 am, with many 
thanks, Yours Truly, 

F. A. ASHFORD, M. D 
One of the Surgeons of Child's Hospital, D. C, 



Baltimore, Md., March^Qth, 1872. 
My Dear Sir: — In reply to your query, I can answer 
that I am entirely satisfied, so far, with results obtained 
from the employment of your preparation of "Meat Juice." 
It agrees better with the weak and enfeebled stomach than 
any other preparation I know of, besides being more 
agreeable and palatable to the taste. 

Very Respectfully, Yours, 

RIGGIN BUCKLER, M. D. 
Mann S. Valentine, Richmond. 



Richmond, Va., March i5lh, 1872, 
Having been requested to give my opinion in regard to 
the properties and virtues of the preparation of juice of 



VALENTINE ' S ME A T JUICE. 17 



meat manufactured by Mr. Mann S. Valentme, of this 
city, it affords me much pleasure to state the following 
facts : 

By an ingenious, yet simple process, which I have per- 
sonally witnessed, Mr. Valentine has succeeded in produc- 
ing a concentrated extract of the fluids contained in mus- 
cle, without injury to their nutritive value. This process 
consists in extracting nearly the whole of the fluid con- 
stituents, by trituration, forcible expression and the appli- 
cation of heat below the coagulating point. Not only is 
the juice contained between the muscle-fibres expressed, 
but the fibre itself is disintegrated, and forced to yield the 
fluid constituents of its cells, which being concentrated by 
gentle heat in vacuo, yields an extract pleasant to the taste, 
acceptable to the most irritable stomach, and assimilated 
by the feeblest digestive powers. 

I have employed Mr. Valentine's product in numerous 
cases, and have been exceedingly gratified with the favor- 
able results produced by its administration. Some of my 
patients have lived exclusively upon it for spaces of time 
vaiying from ten days to three weeks. One of my pa- 
tients, seriously ill with typhoid fever, was nourished ex- 
clusively by it for two v.ceks, and daily increased in 
strength from its use, until firmly convalescent. The pre- 
paration was digested and assimilated, although the pa- 
tient had continuous fever, and loathing of all kinds of 
food. Another of my patients subsisted exclusively for 
nine days on the same article, when no other article could 
be retained on his stomach. Many other of my patients 
have been greatly benefitted by Mr. Valentine's prepara- 



i8 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



tion, and in no case lias it ever produced nausea, or the 

slightest unpleasant or injurious effect. 

I earnestly and candidly recommend it to the profession 

and the public. 

O. F. MANSON, M. D., 

Prof. Physiology and Pathology, Med. Col. of Va. 



Richmond, Va., March 15th, 1872. 

It affords me pleasure to bear testimony to the merits of 
the valuable preparation known as "Valentine's Meat 
Juice." It has met with encouragement from all profes- 
sional men who have given it a trial. 

It possesses all that the discoverer claims for it, and is, 

in my opinion, superior to any other preparation of beef 

known. 

JAMES BEALE, M. D. 



I prescribe Valentine's Meat Juice daily, and like it 
better than any preparation of the sort 1 have ever used. 

J. MARION SIMS, M. D. 
New York, March 25th, 1872. 



Baltimore, March 30, 1872. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir : — I have deferred replying to your letter ac- 
companying a package of your " Meat Juice," until I had 
sufficient opportunity of testing its qualities. 

I can now say that thus far I have found it eminently 
satisfactory as regards nutrient properties, while in taste 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. ig 



and acceptableness to the stomach, it is decidedly superior 
to any similar concentrated animal food that I have ever 
tried. I consider it a most valuable addition to our hy- 
gienic resources. Very respectfully, 

S. C. CHEW, M. D., 

Prof. Materia Med. in University of Maryland. 



St. Joseph's Hosp., Baltimore, Md.,Apr. 3, 1872. 
M)-. Matin S. Valentine, 

Sir: — After a trial of your " Meat Juice" at the Hospi- 
tal, I beg leave to add my testimony to its value. The 
difficulty that I have generally found in the administration 
of these preparations is the disgust that patients express 
after a few doses. This has been, in my hands, no ob- 
jection to the use of your Meat Juice. 

Respectfully, Yours, &c., 

OSCAR J. COSKERY, M. D. 



Brooklyn City Hosp., Brooklyn, N. Y., Apr. 16, 1872. 
J/r. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I have been using your "Meat Juice" on 
different cases in this Hospital. It has more than an- 
swered my expectations. I find that patients improve 
rapidly in appetite and strength under its administration. 
Of all the various preparations of Meat that I have met 
with and used, I consider yours by far the most service- 
able. I am, with much respect, 

Your ob't servant, 

WALTER REED, M. D. 

Resident Surgeon- 



VALENTINK S ME A T JUICE. 



Louisville, Ky., May 1st, 1872. 
Mann S. Valentine, Richmond, Va., 

I have seen nothing in the way of Meat Juice compar- 
able to yours. It is both more palatable and better borne 
by the stomach than any other I have used, and it appears 
to me to be all that could be desired. 

D. W. YANDELL, M. D., 
President American Medical Association, 



Salem, Roanoke Co,, Va., May nth, 1872. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — Permit me to add my testimony in behalf 
of your Preparation of Meat Juice, as a dietetic article, and 
I may add, as an eutropic. 

In diseases of enfeebled digestion, and where the vital 
powers are low, attended with distressing nausea, it has 
proved an invaluable remedy, I have found it eminently 
serviceable in the nausea of females in ittero gestation — 
especially in those obstinate cases that occasionally occur 
in which there is great emaciation and a sinking predis- 
position, I have been using it in my practice freely, and 
in no case has it disappointed me. 

Very Respectfully, &c,, 

OSCAR WILEY, M. D, 



]j Charleston, S. C. Sept, nth, 1872. 

j i Mr. M. S. Valentine, 

\\ Dear Sir: — I have made quite an extensive trial of 

[ I \o!:- "Meat Juice," during the past summer, particularly 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



in those protracted and exhausting diseases incident to in- 
fancy and childhood, so familiar to our Southern Physi- 
cians. The trial Ikis resulted in a preference for your 
" Meat Juice" above all tlie Extracts which I have hith- 
erto used. So far, it has fully come up to all that has 
been claimed for it, and if its preparation is conducted 
with the same care, and the purity of the materials mani- 
tained as heretofore, 1 have no doubt its use will be greatly 
extended. 

Very Respectfully, 

Your O'bt Servant, 

F. M. ROBERTSON, M. D. 
Prof, of Gynecology and Clinical Obstetrics in the Medi- 
cal ColleLre of the State of South Carolina. 



Charleston, S. C. Sept. 20th, 1872. 
lilcuiii S. Valenline, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — During the past summer I have had a full 
opportunity of testing your "Preparation of Meat Juice," 
particularly amongst children suffering from diarrhoea, 
from "teething." I find that as soon as they lose their 
appetite, and commence to degenerate generally, your Pre- 
paration administered is well retained and most often en- 
joyed by the little sufferers. Tliey improve rapidly in 
health and strength. Other preparations are not so easily 
tolerated, on account of their unpleasant odor and taste. 

I consider the contents of your little bottle most invalu- 
able in all acute and wasting diseases. 

Veiy Respectfully, 

W. M. FITCH, M. D. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



Charleston, S. C Sept. 26th, 1872, 
Dear Sir: — Some lime ago I had the honor to receive 
by Express specimens of your "Meat Juice," for trial. I 
have not thus far acknowledged your kind communica- 
tion, for the simple reason, that I neter certify to things 
of which I know nothing. 

I have in the meantime tested your " Preparation" fully 
and cautiously, and the result of my experience has been, 
that in all cases where support is demanded, whether in 
the teething child, or the adult, worn down by disease, 
your "Preparation" has, under my observation, proved far 
more efficacious tlian all the farrago of farinaceous arti- 
cles, and so-called extracts, which often do more harm 
than good. 

I am, Veiy Respectfully, 

Your Ob't vServant, 

E. GEDDINGS, M. D. 
Mann S. Va!e77ii7ie, Esq., Richmond, Va. 



Cunard R. M. S. Parthia, Oct. 4th, 1872. 
J/r. M. S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir — In answer to yours, I have great pleasure in 
stating that your " Meat Juice" has been, in a great -num- 
ber of cases, the first thing that has been retained on the 
stomach in Sea-sickness — a member of the Massachu- 
setts Legislature, on his arrival at the other side, express- 
ed his intention of waiting for some before undertaking 
the return passage. Yours Truly, 

SIBTHROPE BRADLEY, M. D., 
L. R. C. S. and Surgeon R. M. S. Parthia, 

L. & L. M. K. Q. C. P. S. L. M. R. H. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 23 



Dear Sir — I have used "Valentine's Meat Juice" very 
extensively, and give it a preference over all other prepa- 
rations which have come under my notice. I have found 
it decidedly the most palatable and the most nutritious of 
all such articles. 

ADDINELL HEUSON, M. D. 

Philadelphia, OcL 7th, 1872. 



Quarantine Office, Charleston, Nov. 20, 1872. 

Mr. M. S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir — Your samples of " Meat Juice" were re- 
ceived through the politeness of your agent, and used 
very freely during the summer in Cholera-infantum, low 
forms of fever and other diseases peculiar to this climate. 
I cheerfully add my testimony to its dietetic value, and 
regard your "Meat Preparation" of great benefit, not only 
in infantile, but also in adult practice. It is with much 
pleasure that I can recommend its use to the profession 
generally from past experience, and the happy results in 
my practice. 

Very Respectfully, &c., 

ROBERT LEBBY, M. D. 
Health Officer, Harbor of Charleston. 



I have recommended " Valentine's Meat Juice" fre- 
quently the past summer, having from my own experience 
found it the most palatable and most beneficial prepara- 
tion of the kind I have ever employed. I may also state, 
that all my patients to whom I have recommended it have 



24 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



endorsed my views, and prefer it to all other preparations. 
WILLIAM V. KEATING, M. D., 
Physician to St. Joseph's Hospital, 
1604 Locust St., Philadelphia, Oct. 9th, 1872. 



161 1 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
I have been using for some time the Ment Juice pre- 
pared by Mr. Valentine, and I think, M'ith excellent re- 
sults, 

D. HAYES AGNEW, M. D. 



The peculiar qualities which commend Valentine's 
Meat Juice, are its great convenience, fine flavor and un- 
questionable energy. Patients usually prefer it to other 
factures, and I am glad to add my testimony in its favor. 
THOMAS G. MORTON, M. D., 
Attending Surgeon Pennsylvania Hospital. 
Philadelphia, November 15th, 1S72. 



After a lengthy and thorough trial of Valentine's Ex- 
tract of Beef, or " Meat Juice," I can most henrtily endorse 
the opinion of Dr. Morton, as expressed above. 

ALFRED JONES, 
Sec'y Philadelphia Orthoi^aedic Hospital. 
Philadelphia, Nov. 15th, 187?. 



64 Lafayette Ave., Detroit, Mich., Feb. 6th, 1873. 
Alaun S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — I have tested the " Meat Juice" in my prac- 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



•O 



tice to a considerable extent, in cases of extreme debility, 
nausea of pregnancy, and pneumonia of children. I con- 
sider it invaluable, in fact, in all cases where nutriment is 
indicated instead of medicine, and the stomach so irritable 
as not to retain ordinaiy nourishment. 

I have found the Meat Juice veiy valuable in a case of 
lockjaw^, where the amount taken was not so great as to 
excite the spasm, as in ordinary food. I should have used 
it more had my apothecary been able to obtain it. How 
it will stand the warm weather I know not; it is the food 
for cold. One lady has used a dozen bottles, and does 
not tire of it. // is par excellence the medicine FOOD of 
the age. Yours Truly, 

WM. BROUIE, M. D. 

Toledo, Ohio, February 6th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I have used the specimen of "Meat Juice" 
prepared by you, which was left with nie by Mr. Blunt, 
and I must say, that it is the best preparation from meat 
I have ever used. Its taste is very acceptable, and its bene- 
ficial effects arc quickly perceived. 
Yours Tru'y, 

J. B. TREMBLEY, M. D. 



Chicago, 111., Feb'y 8th, 1873. 
J/r. Mann S. Valentine, 

Your Meat Juice is an excellent article of the kind, and 
will no doubt be extensively prescribed by the profession. 

WM. H. BYFORD, M. D. 
4 



26 VALENTINE' S ME A T JUICE. 



156 Third Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 15, 1873. 
Mr. Matin S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I have used your "Meat Juice" at the 
Western Pennsylvania Hospital, and regard it as superior 
to any of the Meat Extracts now in use. 

I gladly recommend it to the profession as the best 
prepared nutriment we have. 

Respectfully, 

S. N. BENPIAM, M. D. 



Manchester, Va., February 15th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — Let me call your attention, and through 
you, that of the medical profession, to a manner in which 
I have used your Meat Juice with great good to some of 
my patients suffering from weak digestion. I give two 
hours before each meal one teaspoonful of your Meat 
Juice dissolved in a cupfull of water. My reason for using 
it in the above manner is due to the fact established by 
Maurice Schiff of the increased formation of pepsine from 
the absorbtion of various substances held in solution by 
water, such as bouillon, dextrine, &c., in fact, Maurice 
Schiff has treated some forms of dyspepsia successfully 
with bouillon. I wish merely to call your attention to 
this fact, as your Meat Juice is a more convenient and 
better material than bouillon, at the same time possessing, 
as it does, other valuable and nutritive qualities, and I 
think it superior to most of the forms of pepsine in com- 
mon use. 

Allow me also to call your attention to Dr. Browne Se- 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 27 



quard's mode of treating some forms of dyspepsia by small 
and oft-repeated meals. (See Archives of Scientific and 
Practical Medicine, by Browne Sequard and Sequin, of 
New York, January, 1 873.) One of the benefits of this 
mode of treatment occurs to me to be the peptogenic ac- 
tion of the substances soluble in water absorbed by the 
stomach of the preceding meals on the digestion of the 
succeeding ones. Your inferences from the above will 

be readily made. 

Yours Truly, 

W. R. WEISIGER, M. D. 



Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. i8th, 1873. 
Dear Sir: — Youi-s of the 12th inst. is at hand. I have 
tried the " Meat Juice" in a limited way, and it has given 
satisfaction. 

Very Respectfully, 

C. G. COMEGYS. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., Richmond, Va. 



St. Louis Hospital, Missouri, Feb. 15th, 1873. 
Air. Mann. S. Valentine, 

Respected Sir : — We have used some of your " Prepa- 
ration of Meat Juice," in our Hospital, and it is the first 
article of this kind that we could ever recommend as hav- 
ing the natural taste of beef. 

Respectfully, 

SISTERS OF CHARITY. 



28 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



New Orleans, La., April 29th, 1873. 
I have no hesitation in saying that "Valentine's Prepa- 
ration of Meat Juice'" has, in my hands, served a more 
valuable purpose, as a nutritive and restorative agent, than 
any other similar p.eoaration. 

S. M. BEMIS, M. D. 



1525 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo., May 3d, 1873. 
I have been using "Valentine's Meat Juice" for about 
three years. It is the best preparation for invalids that I 
have seen. 

MONTROSE A. FALLEN, M. D. 



St. Louis, ISIo., May 5th, 1873. 
I cheerfully bear testimony to the value of " Valentine's 
Meat Juice." I have used it in my practice, as also ex- 
tensively in St. Louis Hospital, and think it invaluable. 
E. H. GREGORY, M. D., 
1006 Olive St., Surgeon to St. Louis Hospital. 



St. Louis, Mo., May 5th, 1873. 
I have used extensively the "Valentine's Meat Juice," 
and it has come up to my expectation under every cir- 
cumstance. 

L. CH. BOISLINIERE, 

Prof. Obstetrics, St. Louis Medical College. 



St. Louis, Mo., May 5th, 1873. 
I feel justified in recommending "Valentine's Meat 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 2g 



Juice/' having used it in my practice for over two years. 

I consider it by far tlie best preparation of meat that I 

have met with. 

S. GRATZ MOSES, M. D. 



1601 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo., May 5, 73. 
I have prescribed " Valentine's Meat Juice,' both in 
practice and at the Institute, for diseases of women, and 
find it a valuable remedy in cases of debility and impaired 
digestion. 

M. YARNALL, M. D. 



St. Louis, Mo., May 5th, 1S73. 
I have used "Valentine's Meat Juice"' freely during the 
three past years, and am satisfied that it answers all the 
ends for which it is intended more fully than any other 
similar preparation yet introduced to the profession. It 
is only necessary for an intelligent medical man to put it 
to a fair test, to convince himself that it is a ready, efli- 
cient and invaluable article of nourishment for his pa- 
tients. WALTER COLES, M. D., 

2346 Olive Street. 



74 S. Morgan St., Chicago, May 13th, 1S73. 
Maim S. Valentine, Kichuiond, Va., 

Dear Sir: — I received a long time ago, from your 
Agent, Mr. Blunt, a few bottles of your Meat Juice for 
examination and trial. Some time afterw^irds, T received 
a letter from you requesting my opinion as to its merits, 



JO VALENTINE ' S ME A T JUICE. 



and also a description of its appearance under the micro- 
scope. 

I have used the " Meat Juice" in a variety of cases, 
where nutriment in a simple, easily assimilable, as well 
as concentrated form, was required, and, so far as I re- 
member, in every case, with pleasant and satisfactory re- 
sults. In one case of terrible exhaustion (collapse) from 
hemorrhage after labor, I employed it with entire satisfac- 
tion. In several cases of "wasting" disease of infants, I 
have used the "Meat Juice," and it has seemed to be of 
great benefit. In fact, I think it is likely to be of quite 
as much service to children as adults. 

A drop of the Juice placed under the microscope, shows 
(i) many fat globules; (2) an occasional very minute 
shred of muscular fibre; (3) large crystals, which are 
doubtless the salts of muscular juice precipitated ; (4) a 
large proportion of fine amphorous granular matter, which 
I take to be the granular form of albumen. (The bottle 
from Avhich the specimen was taken had been standing 
for three months, in a warm room, without being dis- 
turbed.) 

In conclusion, I believe your preparation to be the most 
valuable as well as the most palatable extract of meat yet 
placed upon the market, and that it will maintain its 
position, just as long as you maintain its quality, and I 
trust no longer than that. Pray continue to make it as 
carefully and as honestly as you do now. 
Yours, 

J. N. DANFORTH, M. D. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 31 



104 State St., Albany, N. Y., July 5tli, 1873. 
Mr. Man7i S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I have found your ^Nleat Juice highly useful 
in all forms of fever, in the summer diseases to which 
young children are subject, and in any case of indigestion, 
acidity, or gastric disturbance, in which milk cannot be 
tolerated. This condition frequently obtains in cases of 
infants deprived of their natural food, or when, on ac- 
count of disease in the mother, the supply fails to nourish 
the child. Such cases are of frequent occurrence in eveiy- 
day practice, and it gives me great pleasure to testify to 
the value of your preparation. I have used it alone, and 
also in combination with Ridge's Patent Food, prepared 
with water only, when milk could not be tolerated. I am 
confident that a timely resort to this form of regimen in 
my practice, during the past few months, has saved the 
lives of several little children. Rest assured that I value 
your preparation very highly. It is one that cannot be 
dispensed with in very many cases, neither can its place 
be made good by any substitute that I have ever tried. 
Respectfully, 

H. M. PAINE, M. D. 



Galveston City Hospital, Feb'y 3rd, 1874, 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, RicJunond, Va., 

Dear Sir: — It affords me pleasure to make a favorable 
report of the "Meat Extract," which you sent me. The 
cases in which it was tested were selected ones, where 
other condensed nutrients hid been used witliout res: 'is. 
It has proved itself more efficacious in m\\\ inds, where, in 



VALEXriXE'S MEAT JUICE. 



exhausting diseases, lapicl assimilation is urgently demand- 
eel, the digestive functions being unequal to the task of 
satisfying the wants of the general economy. It seems to 
me to be superior to other preparations of the kind, if only 
on account of its fine flavor, and I consider it a valuable 
addition to the dietetic pharmacopea. 

Very Respectfully, Yours, &c., 

CHARLES GANAHL, M. D., 

Physician to Hospital. 

Galvesto)i, I'cxas. 

Charity Hospital, New York, Feb'y 27th, 1874. 
j\Ianii S. Valentine, Esq., 

Sir: — ^I have caused the specimen of your " Meat Juice"' 
to be used in the wards of this Hospital, and the members 
of my staff to whom its administration was entrusted agree 
in commending it very highly. 

I have myself employed it in two cases where the irri- 
tability of the stomach was so great that no other nutri- 
ment could be retained. In each instance the "Meat 
Juice" was readily retained and digested, and the patients' 
improvement was marked. I am convinced that the 
" Meat Juice" is a preparation of very considerable value. 

Yours Respectfully, 

A. E. MACDONAED, M. I)., 

Chief of Staff. 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 33 



CORRESPONDENCE 

Of Members of the Association of Superintendents 

of Insane Hospitals of the United 

States of America. 



Maryland Hospt'lfor Insane, Baltimore, Sep. 14, 1872. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq 

Dear Sir: — I have tested your " Meat Juice" in several 
cases, and feel fully satisfied of its good effects, and freely 
recommend it to the Superintendents of Insane Asylums, 
where the use of liquid nourishment is a great desidera- 
tum. 1 mentioned it at our meeting in May last, at Madi- 
son, Wisconsin, but not being providea with samples, 
could not do it justice. 

I send you the address of all the Superintendents of 
Insane Asyhims, and such as are not acquainted with 
your " Meat Juice." I hope you will forward samples. 

With thanks for your kind consideration of this Insti- 
tution, I am, 

Very Respectfully, Yours, &c., 

WM. F. STEUART, M. D. 



In response to the request of Dr. Steuart, contained in 
the foregoing communication, samples of Meat Juice were 
forwarded to the members of the Association of Superin- 
tendents of the various Insane Hospitals of the United 
5 



S4 VALENTINE' S ME A T JUICE. 



States; and, at my solicitation, these gentlemen have af- 
forded me the resuks obtained by them from the use of 
the article in iheir practice. 

Dr. vSteuart has placed me under great obligations to 
him for suggesting the test of the Meat Juice to the spe- 
cialty of mental alienation, and for making me acquainted 
with his colleagues and friends of the Association, from 
whom the Meat Juice has had the fairest consideration. 
I have been accorded a coiTcspondence, at once deeply 
interesting and replete with valuable suggestions, of which 
latter I shall avail myself in the further development of 
the principle upon which the Meat Juice was produced. 

I regret that the remoteness of the Hospitals in some 
instances, and want of suitable opportunities for satisfac- 
torily testing the Meat Juice in others, have prevented my 
having reports from all the Hospitals. 



Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville, 111., Dec. 14, 1874. 

Dear Sir :— In the " Meat Juice" prepared under your 
patent, I find a desideratum most invaluable. It affords 
opportunity to administer nutriment to the veiy large class 
in our Insane Asylums who refuse food in bulk, either 
from some delusion, determination toward suicide, or a 
delicate condition of stomach. It is the "mulhitn in par- 
vo" that exactly meets the case. I shall be careful in fu- 
ture not to be without it. 

Yours, Very Respectfully, 

AND. McFARLAND, M. D. Supt. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., Richjuond, Va. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 33 



Government Hospital tor the Insane, 

Washington, D. C, Jan'y 13, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Sir: — Your "Preparation of Meat Juice," which you 
obligingly sent to this Hospital, at the instance of Dr. Wm. 
F. Steuart, of Baltimore, Md., for a trial of its merits as a 
concentrated nourishment, came to hand soon after the 
admission of a young woman of quite delicate constitu- 
tion, suffering from puerperal fever, and in a state of great 
debility. 

After using "beef essence" and other forms of concen- 
trated nourishment of our own preparation, for a few days, 
we gave her your " Meat Juice," and it was soon evident 
that it was more easily assimilated, and that it nourished 
the patient better than the food she had before taken. 
She steadily impra\:ed, notwithstanding the serious draw- 
backs of Erysipelas of the whole head and scrofulous 
swellings of the neck and throat, and is now convales- 
cent. We attempted to use your " Meat Juice" in two 
other cases. In one it was rejected from mere caprice, 
and in the other the taste of it was not liked. You per- 
ceive that our trial of your preparation has been too limi- 
ted to be made the basis of a confident conclusion touch- 
ing its merits, but my impression in respect to its value 
as a concentrated and readily assimilateu nourishment, 
are certainly highly favorable. 

Very Respectfiilly, 

C. H. NICHOLS, Supt. 



36 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, 
Near Nashville, Jan. 13th, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir : — I have had used in the Hospital, in a num- 
ber of cases, the samples of "Meat Juice" you were kind 
enough to send. 

I find it an excellent foiTn of concentrated nourish- 
ment, where, from insane repulsion to, and resistance of, 
food, it .frequently requires the use of the stomach tube; 
and, in cases where the feebleness of the digestive powers 
permits only the use of a small bulk. 

I know of no preparation superior in these respects, or 
that I can more heartily recommend. 
Yours Truly, 
J. H. CALLENDER, M. D., 

Physician and Superintendent- 



Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 

Williamsburg, Va., Jan. 14th, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — I take great pleasure in recommending 
your "Meat Juice" to the Superintendents of Insane 
Asylums ; considering it one of the most palatable and 
highly nutritious preparations of the kind I have ever 
seen. I think it will be found especially useful, to the 
speciality, in those cases of insanity that require forcible 
feeding. We consider it valuable, and have freely used 
it in cases of exhaustion, from various causes. 
Very Respectfully, Yours, &c., 

D. K. BROWER, 
Superintendent and Physician. 



VALEN'rh\E\S MEAT JUICE. 37 



Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ky., Jan. 15, 1873. 
Mr. M. S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — We find your " Meat Juice" an excellent 
and most desirable preparation. It is palatable, and con- 
tains much nutriment in small bulk. We think very highly 
of it. Yours Respectfully, 

JOHN W. WHITNEY, 
Sup't E. Lunatic Asylum of Kentucky. 



Alabama Insane Hospital, 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., January i6th, 1873. 
Dear Sir: — We have been using your "Meat Juice" 
very freely in this Hospital, and find it to be, as repre- 
sented, a most elegant and palatable, as well as reliable 
and efiicient dietetic. 

We find it especially useful in the dangerous exhaustion 
attending the severer forms of Melancholia, in which both 
the appetite and digestion are generally impaired ; and I 
confidently recommend it to the specialty in the treatment 
of this and other forms of cerebral disorder. 
I am, Sir, 

Very Respectfully, Yours, 

P. BRYCE, 
Physician in Chief. 



Maine Insane Asylum, Augusta, Jan. 18, 1872. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

My Dear Sir* — I am happy to acknowledge the receipt 
of a package of your "Meat Juice," which came to hand 
about two weeks ago, with your letter. 



38 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



Since the receipt of the " Meat Juice," I have been 
using it with several of my patients, and am much pleased 
with the resuh. I believe the preparation is the best that 
has yet been offered to the public, and in institutions like 
ours, for the treatment of the insane, it will prove a most 
valuable nutrient, not only with patients suffering from 
weak digestion, but with a class of patients who require 
coercive alimentation. 

Respectfully, Your Ob't Serv't, 

H. M. HARLOW, Sup't. 



Iowa Hospital for the Insane, 
Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Jan. 19, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — I acknowledge the favor of a package of 
"Meat Juice," for Hospital use. It was used in some 
cases where food was taken reluctantly, but the taste be- 
ing a new one to the persons to whom it was offeretl, the 
preparation was not relished so well as the meat extract 
we make from day to day. A portion was used in cases 
calling for coercive administration of food, and so far as 
I could judge, was equal in its effects to any concentra- 
ted preparation of animal food I have ever used. I can- 
not see why it is not an excellent preparation, where con- 
centrated aliment is required and cannot be made on the 
spot, for voyages, camp life, or public institutions of any 
kind. Very Respectfully, 

MARK RANNEY, 

Medical Sup't. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. j<p 



Michigan Asylum for the Insane, 

Kalamazoo, Jan. 24th, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — In reply to your favor of the loth inst., we 
would express our grateful appreciation of the obligations 
conferred upon us by the package of Meat Juice received 
from you in December. 

We have tested the preparation in but one ca^e, that of 
a lady suffering from Phthisis, with a very capricious ap- 
petite, and an irritable stomach. In this case it was ta- 
ken with evident relish, and was well borne by the 
stomach. As regards its flavor, it is certainly in marked 
and agreeable contrast with many concentrated prepara- 
tions of meat juice that have come under our notice. 

Congratulating you upon your success in preparing so 
agreeable an extract, and only regretting that we cannot 
give you the result of a more extended trial, 
I am, Very Truly Yours, 

E. H. VANDEUSEN, 
Medical Superintendent. 



Lexington, Ky., Feb. ist, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

I have not heretofore acknowledged the receipt of a 
package of your "Meat Juice," because I wished to give 
it a fair trial. What was received has now been used, 
and under my own observation, or by reputable physi- 
cians, to whom I had given specimens. In every instance 
the "Meat Juice" has proven itself valuable, and in my 



40 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



opinion it merits the confidence of the profession in all 
cases requiring pleasant, concentrated nourishment. 

Yours Truly, 

W. S. CHIPLEY, M. D. 



Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 
Catonsville, Baltimore Co., Feb. 7th, 1873. 
M. S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — I am happy to learn through your kind fa- 
vor, that I have been able to contribute a little towards 
the introduction of your valuable " Meat Juice." I have 
used it in many cases, and with entire satisfaction to my- 
self. In two, in particular, which I will name, its advan- 
tages were so apparent, that the nurses were fully con- 
vinced nothing else could have been used by the patients. 

The first was a case of puerperal mania, attended with 
great prostration and constant nausea. Everything taken 
in the stomach was immediately rejected, until I tried 
your Meat Juice, in powdered ice— half a teaspoonful 
every two hours. It allayed the nausea, strengthened the 
patient, and in nine days from its first administration, she 
could retain anything given her. She is now well. 

The second was the case of a man who, from over-in- 
dulgence in drink, had brought on an inflammation of his 
stomach, which caused him to loathe the sight of food or 
drink. // was not necessary for him to take it to cause 
an effort to vomit. The sight — often the mere suggestion 
of food or drink would have the effect of making him 
heave. The only thing he craved was ice. I succeeded 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JU.CE. 41 



in administering a few half-teaspoonfuls of the Meat Juice, 
with the ice, which soon liad the desired effect. The 
stomach recovered its tone, and he is now well. 

I am much gratified at your success, feeling sure it is a 
great boon to suffering humanity. 

Very Truly Yours, 

WM. F. STEUART, M. D. 



Northern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, 

Supt's Office, Elgin, Feb'y i8th, 1873. 

Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — I am in receipt of your favor of the 14th 
inst., and in reply would say, that I have made a trial of 
the " Meat Juice" in nourishing a patient who refused ob- 
stinately and persistently to take any food voluntarily, and 
was sustained exclusively by such food as could be intro- 
duced into his stomach through the feeding-tube. I used 
daily, at morning and noon, one-half ounce of the " Meat 
Juice" in solution with two raw eggs. This, with a bowl 
of milk punch in the evening, was all the food taken for 
twelve days; and at the end of that time the improvement 
in appearance and strength was quite noticeable. 

In addition to its nutrient properties, which are marked, 
the " Meat Juice" has the merit of being readily assimila- 
ble, and is certainly more savory and palatable in its flavor 
than any other preparation with which I am acquainted. 
I think very favorably of it. 

Very Respectfully Yours, 

E. A. KILBOURNE. 



42 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



McLean Asylum, Somerville, Mass., 

Feb'y 24th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — We have used your "Meat Juice" as yet, 
but in two cases. The first was a case of Typhoid Fever 
with Pneumonia, and the patient was very much nause- 
ated, and able to take but little nourishment. She took 
four bottles of your Juice, retained it in her stomach, and 
did well during its administration. 

We are now trying it with a patient in acute Phthisis, 
who is also much troubled with nausea. She has no dif- 
ficulty in retaining the Meat Juice, and is supported by it. 
These two cases make us willing to tiy it still further, 
and when we have had more extensive experience with 
it, 1 will give you the results. 

Very Truly Yours, 

GEORGE F. JELLY. 



Office South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, 

Columbia, Feb'y 24th, 1873. 
Mr. M. S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — In reply to your letter of the 21st, I would 
state, that I received the packages of Meat Juice. I gave 
it a fair te-<t, and do not hesitate to say, that in my judg- 
ment it is decidedly the best preparation of meat in a liquid 
form that has ever been presented to the profession. 
With Great Respect, Yours Truly, 

J. F. ENSOR, 

Sup't, &c. 



VALENTINES MEAT JUICE. 43 



Mississippi State Lunatic Asylum, 

Jackson, Miss., Feb'y 27th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir : — I should have made an acknowledgment 
to you before this date of the reception of the Meac Juice; 
but I have been awaiting an opportunity to give it a fair 
test. I used three bottles without effect, in a hopeless 
case of dyspepsia. The man was far gone, and I gave it 
to him simply because it was at hand, and not because I 
expected any good results. 

I am using the other bottles now in the case of a lady, 
and she is improving rapidly under its use. 

With dyspeptics, and in :ases of insanity in which food 
has to be forced upon the patient, I think your Meat Juice 
will supply a desideratum. 

Very Respectfully, &c., 

WxM. M. COMPTON, 

Superintendent. 



Kings County Lunatic Asylum, 
Flatbush, Long Island, Feb'y 28th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — The high character of the recommendations 
in your printed circular having satisfied us as to the nutri- 
tious properties of your preparation of " Meat Juice," we 
reserved the sample sent to us mainly for use in cases of 
"irritable stomach," arising from long abstinence from 
food. 

Since the preparation was received sufficient opportuni- 
ties have not occurred to thoroughly test its merits, but in 



44 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



the instances in which it was tried it seemed to be more 
acceptable to the stomach than any form of liquid diet in 
ordinary use with us. 

Yours Very Truly, 

EDW'D R. CHAPIN, M. D., 

Resident Physician. 



Insane Asylum of North Carolina, 

Raleigh, N. C, Mar. 8th, 1873. 

The use of "Valentine's Meat Juice" with our patients, 
so far as opportunities for experiment have been presented, 
has produced satisfactory results. In the case of a female 
patient very much reduced by hemorrhage and deranged 
menstrual functions, it appears to have a fine effect. 
EUGENE GRESSOM, M. D., 

Superintendent. 



Retreat for the Insane, 
Hartford, Conn., March 12th, 1873. 
Mr. Mann S. Valentine, 

Dear Sir: — I have used your "Meat Juice" during the 
last two months, and have, thus far, considered it a valu- 
able preparation, especially adapted to a numerous class 
of patients whose anorexia required the giving of concen- 
trated nourishment in a palatable form. 
Yours Truly, 

JAMES H. DENNY, M. D., 

Superintendent. 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 43 



Insane Asylum of Louisiana, 

Jackson, La., Mar. 5th, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — The package of "Meat Juice" was duly 
received at this Hospital, and in compliance with your 
request as to what effects have been experienced from its 
use, I have to inform you that 1 consider th^^ Meat Juice 
the best dietetic preparation I have ever used, and one ad- 
mirably suited to cases often found among the insane. 

Truly Yours, &c., 

L. A. BURGESS, M. D. 

Medical Sup't. 

Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, 
Newburg, Ohio, March 21, 1873. 
Mann S. Valentine, Esq., 

Dear Sir : — Some time ago you sent me a package of 
your Preparation of Meat Juice for trial. After a test of 
the preparation, I take pleasure in saying that I consider 
it an article of great value. The convenient manner in 
which it is put up, combined with its nutritious properties, 
make it a very desirable preparation of Meat Juice. 
Yours Respectfully, 

J. M. LEWIS, 

Sup't. 



Bloomingdale Asylum, 

Manhattanville, N. Y., May 23, 1873. 
M. Valentine, 

Dear Sir : — In reply to your inquiry about our use of 

your "Meat Juice," I am able to say that we have been 



4b 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



veiy much pleased with it, and that I regard it as a veiy 
valuable preparation, if its quality is permanently main- 
tained of uniform excellence with the sample sent us. 
It seems much more agreeable to a large majority of pa- 
tients than any of the other preparations or extracts of 
beef as sold in the stores. 

Very Respectfully, 

D. T. BROWN, M. D., 
Physician of B. Asylum. 



Western Lunatic Asylum, of Virginia, 

March 27th, 1873. 
So confident am I that your Meat Juice must prove a 
desideratum in the general practice, I hesitate not to au- 
thorize yv).i t > insert my name in your list of " References." 
Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 
FRAS. T. STRIBBLING, 

Physician and Supt. 



248 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

April 1st, 1874. 
Mr. Matin S. Valentitie. 

Richmond, Virginia. 
Dear Sir:— The efficacy of your Meat Juice has been 
thoroughly tested, under my immediate and careful ob- 
servation. For weak digestions, for low forms of fever, 
for irritable stomachs, and especially for those whose ali- 
mentation has to be forced, — in fact, for all conditions 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 47 



where we require nourishment, multum in parvo. I 
know of nothing to equal your most valuable preparation 
of Meat Juice. 

Respectfully, 

I. D. THOMSON, M. D., 

Attending Physician, 
Mount Hope Retreat for Insane. 



48 VALENTINE S ME A T JUICE, 



REFERENCES. 



We are permitted the use of the name of Dr. Jo. C. 
Hutcheson, Attending ^Surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hos- 
pital, New York; also Dr. J. S. Dorsey Cullen, Prof, of 
Diseases of Women and Children, Medical College of 
Virginia, and Surgeon to the Richmond City Aims- 
House. We would likewise refer to W. C. Lawrence, 
Supt. Home for Inebriates, Boston, Mass. 



Valentine's Extract of Beef. 

We can, from a fair experience of this preparation, 
recommend it to the profession, as possessing all of the 
qualities requisite in a concentrated form of nourishment, 
without the unpleasant taste which belongs to those we 
have hitherto been using. We are constantly prevented 
by the nauseous taste of many such articles, from using 
them, and have to lose much valuable time in waiting for 
a domestic article to be made. 

Mr. Valentine has conferred a great boon upon us, by 
making his essence pure and strong, and yet so palatable 
that the most delicate stomach will not be offended by it. 
— Editorial Virginia Clinical Record, July, 187 1. 



Extract from Transactions of Richmond Academy 
of Medicine. 

" The discussion at the Richmond Academy of Medicine, 
on 'The Concentrated Meat extracts,' which was opened 
by the very able paper on that subject read by Dr. Joynes, 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 4q 



was closed by some remarks of Dr. McCaw, giving a 
sketch of the method adopted by Mr. Valentine, of this 
city, in the preparation of his 'Meat Juice,' which has 
been so favorably received, and used to great advantage 
by the profession. 

"All the objections to meat extracts, so effectively urged 
by Dr. Joynes, in his article, Dr. McCaw thought were 
fairly met and overcome by the "Meat Juice." The meth- 
od of preparation, by which the expressed juice of fresh 
beef is slowly evaporated at a temperature under 130°, 
until reduced to one-tenth of its original bulk, was de- 
scribed. By the use of Vacuum pans, this process is very 
much abreviated. When finished, the article is neatly 
packed in bottles, each containing the concentrated juice 
of four pounds of the best beef, holding in an uncoagu- 

LATED state ALL THE FLUID CONTENTS OF THE MEAT in- 
cluding the ALBUMEN, and having a delicious flavor and 
odour. This extract, diluted with water, either cold or 
warmed to a temperature of 130°, offers to the invalid a 
most delicate and easily assimilated food, particularly 
adapted to sick children, suffering from the wasting dis- 
eases of that age, and to women with intolerant stomachs, 
and otherwise disordered digestive organs." — Virginia 
Clinical Record. 



Tr 



JO FA L KNl IX E ' S ME A T JUICE. 



Report of the Committee on the Exhibition of Spe- 
cimens, at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of 
the American Pharmaceutical Association, held 
at Richmond, Va., September, 1873. 

Ira W. Blunt, Ag't, Richmond, Va., exhibited, and 
personally explained, the merits of Mann S. Valentine's 
Preparation of Meat Juice, We were informed that the 
article is made by comminuting good fresh beef on a 
sausage machine, submitting it to a moderate heat for a 
short time, and then subjecting it to an hydraulic pressure 
of one hundred and fifty to two hundred tons, thus ex- 
pressing the whole s( >luble constituents of the meat. The 
liquid juice is then evaporated in a vacuum pan, heated by 
a water bath. Heat is applied to this by means of steam, 
so that the temperature is kept at about 125°, and never 
allowed to exceed 130°. The concentration is continued 
in this manner until a consistency of 26° to 27° Baume 
has been attained. The process is carried on without re- 
gard to the season or weather. No antiseptic of any kind 
is added, so that the juice appears to be pickled in its 
own natural salts, as no difficulty is experienced in the 
preservation of the article. As the preparation is not sub- 
jected to sufficient heat to coagulate the albumen, this is 
retained in its natural state, in which it is claimed to be 
more readily assimilable. 

Numerous testimonials from eminent physicians, among 
whom we find such illustrious names as Dr. J. Marion 
Sims, Prof, D. Hays Agnew, Dr. Gaillard Thomas, Dr. 
D. W. Yandell, and many others, indorse the article as 
being singularly well adapted to cases of great gastric irrita- 



VALEXriNK S MEAT JUICE. jj 



bility, and also to those in which food in a concentrated 
form has to be forcibly administered. Your committee were 
also so favorably impressed after partaking of the "Meat 
Juice*' diluted with ten times its bulk of water, and lis- 
tening to Mr. Blunt's lucid explanations, that several of 
them resolved henceforth to recommend this preparation 
to their customers in preference to the solid extracts. Prof. 
Agnew, in a personal conversation lately, expressed his 
approval of this "Meat Juice'' in even higher and more 
positive terms than in his printed card. Since then the 
writer has had three opportunities for tr}'ing this prepara- 
tion, all of them fully confirming his previously conceived 
high expectations. We would suggest a pharmaceutical 
application for the article, to which it seems to be well 
adapted, namely, for the preparation of nutritive elixirs, 
wines of beef and iron, »S:c., which are at present so fashion- 
able. 



SPECIAL. 

The Meat Juice is prepared under my personal super- 
vision ; ( )nly the best material is used for its production, 
and its purity and identity of character will be maintained. 

MANN S. VALENTINE. 



AGENT'S CIRCULAR. 

Since my arrangement with Mr. Valentine, in Septem- 
ber, 1 87 1, for the production of his Preparation of "Meat 
Juice,'" I have changed my location for more extended 



S2 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



operations, and with enlarged facilities, and new appli- 
ances for production, I shall endeavor to anticipate the 
demand for the "Meat Juice." At the same time, I would 
suggest to parties who desire to have a supply of the Pre- 
paration at all times, the necessity of ordering ahead. In 
the majority of cases, those ordering have done so te be 
forwarded in haste, and I have been thereby prevented 
from procuring such low rates of transportation as would 
be afforded by a little previous notice. 

The "Meat Juice" may be obtained from the Drug- 
gists, wholesale and retail, thioughout the United States. 
IRA. W. BLUNT, Agent, 
21 Thirteenth St., Richmond, Va., U. S. A. 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. jj 



REPORTS 

Of the Medical Officers of the United States Army 



111 the niunth of September, 1873, l)v. E. R. Squibb, the 
eminent American chemist, on a visit to Richmond to at- 
tend the "Annual Meeting of the American Pharmaceuti- 
cal Association," made me acquainted with the fact that the 
'' Meat Juice " had been tested and its value ascertained by 
the Medical Officers of the United States Army. At that 
time, Dr. Squibb directed an order to be filled for the army. 
This order has been followed by others from the army, 
and I have been gratified by the increasing demand for 
the " Meat Juice " in so important a direction. 

On the 2d of July, 1874 — sufficient time having elapsed, 
as I supposed, for results t(j have been obtained fx^om the 
application of the " Meat Juice" in the army — I wrote to 
Gen'lA. S. Barnes, Surgeon- General of the United States, 
at Washington, asking that I might be pennitted to have 
any reports in his possession regarding the employment 
of the '' Meat Juice " in the army. The Surgeon-General 
kindly consulting my wishes, courteously sent me the fol- 
lowing response to my request, together with the valuable 
reports annexed : 

War Department, 

Surgeon-General's Office, 
Washington, D. C, July 7th, 1874. 

Sir : — The enclosed copy of reports received at this 
office from Medical Officers of the Army, who have tested 



54 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



*' Valentine's Preparation of Meat Juice," is respectfully 
furnished, in compliance with your request of the 2d in- 
stant. 

By order of the Surgeon-General. 

Very Respectfully, 

Vour OI)edient Servant, 

C. H. CRANE, 
Assistant Surgeon-General. 

Mann S. Vuieniine^ Esq.^ Richmond, Va. 



Fort Independence, Boston, Mass., 

October 2 1st, 1 873. 

Captain : — In compliance with the request of the Sur- 
geon-General of the Army, contained in your letter of 
September 22d, 1873, transmitting to me for trial six bot- 
tles of " Valentine's Preparation of Meat Juice," I have 
the honor to report that, so far as I have been enabled to 
judge of its merits, from the employment of so limited a 
quantity, I am pleased with the preparation, and am satis- 
tied that it would prove a valuable therapeutical resource 
in many cases of illness were it added to the Hospital Sup- 
ply-Table of the Army. I do not, however, believe that 
it can be relied upon as an adequate nutritive in the mini- 
mum doses indicated in the accompanying printed direc- 



VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 33 



tions. An entire bottle administered by me, at one dose, 
was well borne by the stomach, did not occasion diarriioea, 
and seemed to be perfectly well digested and assimilated. 
Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 
WARREN WEBSTER, 

Surgeon U. S. A. 
Capt. F. C Donnoghue, 

Medical Storekeeper, U. S. A., 

New York City, N. Y. 



Post-Surgeon's Office, 
Fort McHenry, Md., Nov, 22d, 1873. 
Stirgeon- General U. S. Army, Washington, D.C.. 

Sir : — Having exhausted the supply of " Valentine's 
Meat Juice," recently issued, I can report favorably upon 
its use on the basis of the few cases in which it was em- 
ployed. 

I am not prepared to determine its precise nutritive 
value ; but it is palatable to patients, who refuse the other 
forms of beef extract. 

In cases of delirium tremens, and in a case of subacute 
gastro enteritis, accompanied with obstinate vomiting and 
diarrhcea, the result of its use has been most satisfactory. 

Ver\' Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

D, BACHE, 
Surgeon U. S. A, 



VALENTINE' S MEAT JUICE. 



U. S. A, Post Hospital, 
Fort Porter, N, Y,, Dec. 22d, 1873. 

To the Su7-geon- General U. S. Army, 

Washington^ D. C, 

Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge receipt from 
the Medical Purveyor at New York of a specimen (six 
bottles) of "Valentine's Preparation of Meat Juice," and 
the request that a report be made as to its merits. 

I have just treated a case of croupous pneumonia, for 
which the quantity sent me seemed to serve a most excel- 
lent purpose. 

The patient being somewhat adynamic, received from 
the first, quinine, brandy, and this Meal Juice. The Juice 
proved so nourishing and so pleasant to the taste, that I 
would strongly favor its substitution, on the Standard Sup- 
ply-Table for Liebig's Meat Extract. 
Veiy Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

R. H. WHITE, 
Assistant Surgeon U. S, A. 



Post Hospital, Fortress Monroe, Va., 
December 27th, 1873. 

The Surgeon- General, U. S. Army, 

Washington, D. C, 

General : — I have respectfully to state that the six bot- 
tles of " Valentine's Meat Juice," sent to me by your or- 
der, from the Depot of the Chief Medical Purveyor, U. 
S. Army, New York city, has been consumed by the very 



VA L ENTINK S ME A T JUICE. 5 7 



sick (four cases) in hospital, and that I am well satisfied 
•^hat it is an excellent preparation, and preferred infinitely 
over any other. 

Previously I had used the same article, sent direct to 
me from Richmond, amongst children as well as adults, 
^n severe cases of diarrhoea and dysentery, and was already 
prepared to make a favorable report when this came to 
hand, 

I will also remai-k, in connection with this subject, that 
I have been obliged to use a great deal of beef extract 
prepared in accordance with the formula embraced in 
your circular order. No. 6, of July 26th, 1873, and found 
it much better, and preferred greatly over the other pre. 
) arations available in the Hospital, but not liked so well 
as the " Meat Juice." 

I have the honor to be. 

Very Respectfully, 

Your Ob't Servant, 

JOHN E. SUMMERS 

Surgeon, U. S. A. 
Through the Medical Director, 1 
Mil, Division of the Atlantic, j 



Baton Rouge Barracks, La., 
Office Post Hospital, Decembar 31st, 18 
Surgeon- Gene-ral U. S. Army, Washington.^ D. C, 

Sir: — I have the honor to report that I have tried 
" Valentine's Meat Juice " in several fever cases in which 
gastric irritability was a prominent symptom, and found 
it was readily tolerated when no other form of nourish- 
ment could be retained. 



j8 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



It appears to be more nutritious than other extracts, 
with the additional recommendation of occupying less 
bulk, and being more acceptable to the stomach. It was 
particularly useful in one case, where nutriment could not 
be administered except by enema. 
Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

C. EWEN, 
Assistant Post Surgeon, U. S. A. 



Post Hospital, Madison Barracks, N. Y., 
Januaiy 2d, 1874. 

To the Surgeofi-General, U. S. Ari7iy, 

Washington City, 

General : — I have the honor to report having received 
on the 30th September last, from the Medical Purveyor 
at New York city, a half-dozen bottles (two-ounce) of the 
" Meat Juice " prepared by Mr. Mann S. Valentine, of 
Richmond, Va., for trial and report. 

From a careful observation of its effects, in a variety of 
cases, both in adults and children, when the system was 
either much exhausted or whei^e the stomach was very ir- 
ritable, and incapable of retaining nourishment or drinks 
of any kind, I found that it acted most promptly and fa- 
vorably in every case, both by supporting the system 
(sometimes) in a marked degree or by quieting the irra- 
tability of the stomach and consequent nausea and vomit- 
ing. I have never seen used anything so perfectly 
adapted to the needs of the system, under such condi- 
tions, as this preparation, and I regard it as a dietetic of 



VA L EN TINE' S ME A T J UICE, jg 



the highest value, and I am confident it must supersede 
every other article of the kind hitherto in use. For the 
highly sensative stomach of children, in cholera infantum, 
I have seen nothing so useful. In one case where I tried 
it, it acted almost like magic in allaying vomiting, con- 
trolling the intestinal discharges, supporting and reviving 
the system and producing quieting rest and sleep and 
restoring health and strength. 

I think there can be no. question of its decided efficacy 
and senative value in such cases. In all cases it is pala- 
table and acceptable to the stomach. 

Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

L. A. EDWARDS, 
Surgeon U. S. A. (Post Surgeon), 



Post Hospital, Omaha Barracks, Nebraska, 
January 19th, 1874. 

Stirgeon-General U. S. Army, 

Washington, D, C, 

General : — I have to report that the supply of '* Valen- 
tine's Meat Juice," sent to this hospital for trial, has been 
consumed by the sick. It is apparently the best prepara- 
of meat yet furnished. The patients express themselves 
delighted with the taste, and their hunger appeased by its 
ingestion. 



6o VA L EN TINE' S ME A T JUICE. 



I would desire to have constantly at the Hospital a 
small supply of the article. 

I am. General, 

Very Respectfully, 

Your Ob't Servant, 

CHARLES PAGE, 

Surgeon, U. S. A. 



McPherson Barracks, Atlanta, Ga., 

February 6th, 1874. 

To the Sta'geon- General of the Army 

(Through Med. Director, Department, South), 

General : — In compliance with the request contained 
in the letter of Capt. F. O'Donaghue, M. S. K., of 6th 
November, 1873, forwarding six bottles of " Valentine's 
Meat Juice," I have the honor to report that the supply 
has been expended with the sick of the garrison, and that 
it has proven much more acceptable to the taste, and, as 
well as I can judge, fully as nutritious as any similar ar- 
ticle that I have employed. 

It appears particularly suited to those cases where the 
stomach rejects the ordinaiy beef extracts, and I should 
recommend its supply in small quantities as complemen- 
tary to the prepai-ation of beef now issued. 
Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

ALF. A. WOODHULL, 
Asst, Surgeon U. S. Army (Post Surgeon). 



ALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 6i 



Post Hospital, Fort Craig, N. M., 

April 17th, 1874. 
Surgeon- Getter al, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C, 

Sir : — I have the honor to make the following report 
upon the merits of "Valentine's Meat Juice" — received 
during January ultimo — as requested by Captain Geo. T. 
Beall, Med. Storekeeper, U. S. A., in his letter of No- 
vember 17th, 1873, transmitting invoice of medical sup- 
plies. 

Six (6) bottles in all were received, each containing 
two ounces of the " Meat Juice," representing, in a con- 
centrated form, four pounds of beef, exclusive of fat. 

Four (4) bottles were used in a case of severe gun-shot 
wound (soldier), in which the hemorrhage had been very 
copious, the patient very much enfeebled by the loss of blood 
and depressed by the shock. In this case it appeared to 
restore his strength and vital powers rapidly ; was taken 
readily, the patient saying it was very palatable. 

In the second case the remaining two (2) bottles were 
used. This was one of acute inflamation of the greater por- 
tion of the right lung, in a soldier, who is an inveterate and 
hard drinker, and consequently his nervous system much 
depressed by his habits. The patient took it most readily, 
and I am inclined to think it carried him safely over the 
crisis of his disease. 

When the " Meat Juice" was all gone, I was obliged 
to resort, in both cases, to " Leibig's Extract of Beef" 
(" Extractum Carnis Leibig",) though it was taken with 
a great deal of reluctance after using the former. From 
the above limited experience, I am of the opinion that it 



62 VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE. 



is preferable to the " Leibig's Extract of Beef," as it con- 
tains all the nutritive elements of beef in the smallest and 
most assimilable form, being more aeceptable to an irri- 
table stomach (less likely to produce nausea), and certainly 
much tnore palatable, 

I am. Sir, Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

J. FRAZER BOUGHTER, 
Act. Asst. Surgeon, U. S. Army (Post Surgeon). 

Through Chief Medical Officer, ) 
District of New Mexico. j 



Post Hospital, Fort Preble, Maine, 

May 1 6th, 1874. 
The Sur^et/n- General, U. S. Army, 

Washington, D. C, 

Sir : — In compliance with a request from the office of 
the Assistant Medical Purveyor, U. S. A. at New York 
city, I would respectfully report the following, relative to 
some Meat Juice issued to this post : 

The article in question — " Valentine's Preparation of 
Meat Juice " — has been tried and found to be of superior 
quality and flavor, and far more acceptable to the palate 
than other preparations of this nature heretofore furnished 
by the Department. 

The sick seem to relish this article of diet, which 
quality the extract of Leibig lacks. Valentine's prepa- 



VALENTINE'S ME A 7 JUICE, 63 



ration is a semi-fluid, and for that reason may not keep 
as well as Leibig's, in southern climates; but for this 
latitude, the substitution of Valentine's preparation fo r 
Leibig's extract will be undoubtedly a great gain. 
Very Respectfully, 

Your Obedient Servant, 

F. L. TOWN, 
Surgeon, U. S. Army 



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